Index of Public Integrity (IPI)

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What are the Components of the Index for Public Integrity?

Component Variable and Measurement

Administrative Transparency

Consists of the standardized sum of individual scores for the following items in the de facto Transparency Index:

  • T-Index de facto 3 - Public procurement
  • T-Index de facto 4 - Land cadaster
  • T-Index de facto 5 - Register of commerce
  • T-Index de facto 6 - Auditor General's annual report

The T-Index is based on independent data collection and review by the ERCAS team. The value has been standardized and transformed to be in range between 1 and 10, with 10 implying the highest administrative transparency.

The data by country can be found here.


Online Services

The score is based on the Online Services Index, with integrates the UN E-Government Development Index. The data used stems from the report released in 2020.

The values have been transformed to be in range between 1 and 10, with 10 implying the highest trade openness.

The data by country can be found here.


Budget Transparency

Simple mean value of the scores resulting from 14 specific questions from the Open Budget Survey that cover transparency of the Executive’s Budget Proposal. More information on questions and respective scores is presented in the full dataset. The data are to a large extent provided by the International Budget Partnership and in some cases reliance is placed on own data (these cases are noted with an asterisk in the spreadsheet provided below). For these countries, the same data is used for all IPI editions as no new data is available. For data extracted from the Open Budget Survey results, the same values are used for the 2019 and 2021 editions, as a new version has not yet been released.

The value has been standardized and transformed to be in range between 1 and 10, with 10 implying the highest budget transparency.

The data by country can be found here.


Judicial Independence

Based on the “judicial independence” indicator from the Executive Opinion Survey of the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Dataset. This indicator asks the question “To what extent is the judiciary in your country independent from influences of members of government, citizens, or firms? [1 = heavily influenced; 7 = entirely independent]. The same data is used for the 2019 and 2021 editions, as a new version has not yet been released.

The indicator has been standardized and transformed to be in range between 1 and 10, with 10 implying the highest judicial independence.

The data by country can be found here.


E-Citizenship

Simple mean of standardized values of:

  • Fixed broadband subscriptions (% population)
  • Internet users (% population)
  • Facebook users (% population)

The first two variables were taken from International Telecommunication Union’s ICT Dataset; the latter is from the Internet World Stats.

The value has been transformed to be in the range between 1 and 10, with 10 implying the highest score for E-Citizenship.

The data by country can be found here.


Freedom of the Press

The score stems from Reporters without Borders’ Press Freedom Index. Until 2019, the source used was Freedom House’s Freedom of the Press Report.

The values are standardized and transformed to be in range between 1 and 10, with 10 implying the highest freedom of the press.

The data by country can be found here.



For the older editions (2015 - 2019), these components were considered instead of Administrative Transparency and Online Services:
Component Variable and Measurement

Administrative Burden

Consists of the simple mean of standardized values of:

  • number of procedures required to start up a business for both men and women (averaged)
  • time needed to start up a business for both women and men (averaged)
  • number of tax payments per year
  • time to pay taxes

The indicators are taken from the World Bank Doing Business Data. This mean value has been transformed to be in range between 1 and 10, with 10 implying the lowest administrative burden.

The data by country can be found here.


Trade Openness

Made up from the simple mean of standardized values of:

  • time required for border compliance for export and import procedures
  • cost required for border compliance for export and import procedures

The indicators stem from the World Bank Doing Business Data. Their value has been transformed to be in range between 1 and 10, with 10 implying the highest trade openness.

The data by country can be found here.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
Please cite Alina Mungiu-Pippidi (2022) "Transparency and Corruption: Measuring real transparency by a new index" Regulation and Governance. DOI: 10.1111/rego.1250.
When using individual components of the Index of Public Integrity , please also cite the original sources as indicated in this methodology paper.

Read more on Methodology: IPI